Ebola is a virus disease

Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.
The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through
The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50%. Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks.
The first EVD outbreaks occurred in remote villages in Central Africa, near tropical rainforests, but the most recent outbreak in West Africa has involved major urban as well as rural areas.
Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks. Good outbreak control relies on applying a package of interventions, namely case management, surveillance and contact tracing, a good laboratory service, safe burials and social mobilisation.
Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. There is as yet no licensed treatment proven to neutralise the virus but a range of blood, immunological and drug therapies are under development.
There are currently no licensed Ebola vaccines but 2 potential candidates are undergoing evaluation.
Background

The Ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated. Ebola virus disease (EVD) first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, Sudan, and the other in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name.

The current outbreak in West Africa, (first cases notified in March 2014), is the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976. There have been more cases and deaths in this outbreak than all others combined. It has also spread between countries starting in Guinea then spreading across land borders to Sierra Leone and Liberia, by air (1 traveller) to Nigeria and USA (1 traveller), and by land to Senegal (1 traveller) and Mali (2 travellers).

The most severely affected countries, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, have very weak health systems, lack human and infrastructural resources, and have only recently emerged from long periods of conflict and instability. On August 8, the WHO Director-General declared the West Africa outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern under the International Health Regulations (2005).

The virus family Filoviridae includes three genera: Cuevavirus, Marburgvirus, and Ebolavirus. There are five species that have been identified: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Reston and Taï Forest. The first three, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, and Sudan ebolavirus have been associated with large outbreaks in Africa. The virus causing the 2014 West African outbreak belongs to the Zaire species.

Transmission

It is thought that fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are natural Ebola virus hosts. Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals such as chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest.

Ebola then spreads through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e. g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids.

Health-care workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed EVD. This has occurred through close contact with patients when infection control precautions are not strictly practiced.

Burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased person can also play a role in the transmission of Ebola.

People remain infectious as long as their blood contains the virus.

Sexual transmission

More surveillance data and research are needed on the risks of sexual transmission, and particularly on the prevalence of viable and transmissible virus in semen over time. In the interim, and based on present evidence, WHO recommends that:

All Ebola survivors and their sexual partners should receive counselling to ensure safe sexual practices until their semen has twice tested negative. Survivors should be provided with condoms.
Male Ebola survivors should be offered semen testing at 3 months after onset of disease, and then, for those who test positive, every month thereafter until their semen tests negative for virus twice by RT-PCR, with an interval of one week between tests.
Ebola survivors and their sexual partners should either:
abstain from all types of sex, or
observe safe sex through correct and consistent condom use until their semen has twice tested negative.
Having tested negative, survivors can safely resume normal sexual practices without fear of Ebola virus transmission.
If an Ebola survivor’s semen has not been tested, he should continue to practise safe sex for at least 6 months after the onset of symptoms; this interval may be adjusted as additional information becomes available on the prevalence of Ebola virus in the semen of survivors over time.
Until such time as their semen has twice tested negative for Ebola, survivors should practise good hand and personal hygiene by immediately and thoroughly washing with soap and water after any physical contact with semen, including after masturbation. During this period used condoms should be handled safely, and safely disposed of, so as to prevent contact with seminal fluids.
All survivors, their partners and families should be shown respect, dignity and compassion.
Read the interim advice on the sexual transmission of the Ebola virus disease
Persistent virus in people recovering from Ebola virus disease
Symptoms of Ebola virus disease

The incubation period, that is, the time interval from infection with the virus to onset of symptoms is 2 to 21 days. Humans are not infectious until they develop symptoms. First symptoms are the sudden onset of fever fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. This is followed by vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, symptoms of impaired kidney and liver function, and in some cases, both internal and external bleeding (e. g. oozing from the gums, blood in the stools). Laboratory findings include low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes.

Diagnosis

It can be difficult to distinguish EVD from other infectious diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever and meningitis. Confirmation that symptoms are caused by Ebola virus infection are made using the following investigations:

antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
antigen-capture detection tests
serum neutralization test
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
electron microscopy
virus isolation by cell culture.
Samples from patients are an extreme biohazard risk; laboratory testing on non-inactivated samples should be conducted under maximum biological containment conditions.


Treatment and vaccines

Supportive care-rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids- and treatment of specific symptoms, improves survival. There is as yet no proven treatment available for EVD. However, a range of potential treatments including blood products, immune therapies and drug therapies are currently being evaluated. No licensed vaccines are available yet, but 2 potential vaccines are undergoing human safety testing.
human-to-human transmission.

colon cancer

This individual digestive tract as well as the rectum will be the ultimate helpings with the conduit in which expands from your oral cavity for the anus. Foods gets into the particular oral cavity in which it really is chewed and swallowed. It then journeys from the esophagus and also in to the abdomen.

A lot of the huge intestinal tract sets in a very tooth cavity inside the stomach referred to as the particular peritoneal tooth cavity. Elements of the particular digestive tract have the ability to shift really openly inside peritoneal tooth cavity because the undigested foods will be transferring by means of that. Because the digestive tract brain on the rectum, that will become repaired for the cells powering the particular peritoneal tooth cavity, a location referred to as the particular retroperitoneum. The conclusion percentage of the particular huge intestinal tract, the particular portion in which lives inside the retroperitoneum, could be the rectum. As opposed to a lot of other digestive tract, the particular rectum will be repaired set up from the cells in which encircle that. Due to its place, therapy regarding rectal cancer malignancy usually differs from the others as compared to therapy regarding cancer malignancy regarding other digestive tract, since we are going to describe afterwards.

Photo regarding digestive tract combination part.
Photo regarding digestive tract combination part.
Even though the huge intestinal tract can be a conduit, it really is structurally an intricate conduit, similar to any metallic belted radial exhaust when compared to a garden hose. The particular conduit will be composed of several tiers. The very first is a great interior level regarding tissues in which series the particular tooth cavity whereby the particular undigested foods journeys, referred to as the particular mucosa. The particular mucosa will be attached with any slender next level, the particular submucosa, which is linked alone with a level regarding muscle tissue, the particular muscularis. The complete conduit will be ornamented simply by fibrous (scar-like) muscle referred to as the particular serosa. The most frequent malignancies with the huge intestinal tract (the sort referred to as adenocarcinoma) come up from your mucosa, the particular interior level regarding tissues. These kinds of tissues face toxic compounds coming from foods and also bacterias along with physical damage and so are continually passing away away from and also getting swapped out.

Inside the abdomen, the foodstuff will be soil directly into more compact allergens and gets into the tiny intestinal tract in the cautiously governed way. Inside the tiny intestinal tract, ultimate digestion of food regarding foods and also intake with the vitamins and minerals within the foods takes place. The foodstuff that's not waste and also assimilated gets into the particular huge intestinal tract or perhaps digestive tract and lastly the particular rectum. The particular huge intestinal tract is approximately half a dozen toes extended and also works largely being a safe-keeping ability regarding spend; nonetheless, further h2o, salts, and several vitamin supplements are usually more taken out. Furthermore, a number of the undigested foods, as an example, soluble fiber, will be waste simply by colonic bacterias and also a number of the goods regarding digestion of food are usually assimilated from your digestive tract and also in to the physique. (It's estimated that 10% with the vitality produced from foods arises from the products regarding microbe digestion of food inside the digestive tract. )#) The rest of the undigested foods, passing away tissues from your cellular lining with the intestinal tract, and also more and more bacterias are usually kept inside the digestive tract and occasionally approved in to the rectum. Their particular birth in to the rectum starts any colon movements in which empties the particular colonic items from your physique since a stool.
colon cancer

Leukemia symptomp

Leukemia is a malignancy (cancer) of blood cells. In leukemia, abnormal blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Usually, leukemia involves the production of abnormal white blood cells -- the cells responsible for fighting infection. However, the abnormal cells in leukemia do not function in the same way as normal white blood cells. The leukemia cells continue to grow and divide, eventually crowding out the normal blood cells. The end result is that it becomes difficult for the body to fight infections, control bleeding, and transport oxygen. Over 50,000 cases of leukemia occur yearly in the U.S.

There are different types of leukemia, based upon how quickly the disease develops and the type of abnormal cells produced. Leukemia is called an acute leukemia if it develops rapidly. Large numbers of leukemia cells accumulate very quickly in the blood and bone marrow, leading to symptoms such as tiredness, easy bruising, and susceptibility to infections. Acute leukemia requires fast and aggressive treatment.

There are around 54,000 new cases of leukemia each year in the U.S. and about 24,000 deaths due to leukemia. Leukemia makes up about 3% of all new cancer cases.

Chronic leukemias develop slowly over time. These leukemias may not cause specific symptoms at the beginning of their course. If left untreated, the cells may eventually grow to high numbers, as in acute leukemias causing similar symptoms.

Leukemias are further classified as myeloid or lymphoid, depending upon the type of white blood cell that makes up the leukemia cells. A basic understanding of the normal development of blood cells is needed to understand the different types of leukemia. Normal blood cells develop fromstem cells that have the potential to become many cell types. Myeloid stem cells mature in the bone marrow and become immature white cells called myeloid blasts. These myeloid blasts further mature to become either red blood cells, platelets, or certain kinds of white blood cells.

Lymphoid stem cells mature in the bone marrow to become lymphoid blasts. The lymphoid blasts develop further into T or B lymphocytes, special types of white blood cells. Myeloid leukemias are made up of cells that arise from myeloid cells, while lymphoid leukemias arise from lymphoid cells. Knowing the type of cell involved in leukemia is important in choosing the appropriate treatment.

Leukemia

BRAIN CANCER

Anomalous development through the cells inside mental performance is termed while cerebrum

advance. Such a tumor can start off in as his or her pharmaceutical partner itself or maybe emerge as a new branch from distinct manifestations of varieties of malignancy. Vital progress or possibly increase harm that starts. inside mind is of different sorts like meningioma, acoustic neuroma, pineoblastoma, ependymoma additionally oligodendroglioma. The name through the malignancy originates through the manifestation of the cell what sort of growth emerges via. Cerebrum tumor is basically constantly deadly and might prompt a place of extra well being issues. Due in your case with its exceptionally mind boggling qualities, cerebrum growth hazard study is geared towards a fantastically modest rate.

BRAIN CANCER

leukemia symptomps

A sign can be defined as something that may be recognized and observed by way of a healthcare
Rare symptoms and also signs

The rare signs and signs regarding leukemia are as follows.

• Choroma

This is any tumor like collection that contains leukemia cells and it's also present under skin and or other body parts.

• Skin adjustments

Leukemia cutis can happen when the tissues of leukemia cell enter skin. The patches and sores may be of any particular size and so are usually tan or perhaps pink in shade.

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis can resemble a really allergic reaction around the skin of anyone suffering. The sores can easily usually appear around the hands and furthermore feet.

The sweet's symptoms includes painful sores and fever that will appear anywhere around the patient's body.

Blood vessels count

A complete blood count has to be done so that you can measure the quality and variety of the white blood vessels cells, platelets and also red blood tissues. The leukemia is certainly caused by suspected when the particular cell counts with the blood are abnormal as well as the blood cells usually are not looking very typical. The abnormal blood vessels cell counts could be due to several other conditions and can be extremely abnormal. These abnormal blood counts could be due to several other conditions and leukemia. The blasts may well not exactly occur normally inside the blood so the particular leukemia is suspected in the event the blasts are current. It is one of many important things to keep in mind.

Acute leukemia

The white blood cells will probably be low, high or perhaps normal. The blast cells can be present in the particular blood of individuals who have acute leukemia.

Long-term leukemia

In a long-term condition the white-colored blood cell count is incredibly high. The platelet count can be low and anemia.
professional or even a doctor. A symptom alternatively is something which can be recognized by the person who is experiencing that. These symptoms and also signs of leukemia can be caused by several other chronic health ailments. Thus it is really important to always provide an unusual check for symptoms from your good doctor. Acute leukemia provides symptoms and signs that could be similar to the flu and will come on suddenly within 2-3 weeks or days. Alternatively chronic leukemia has symptoms that will gradually develop and the ones will then complain that they cannot feel very properly. This disease is discovered each time a routine blood test is completed.

symptomps